What is the difference between Dialectical Behavior Therapy and "regular" therapy?
Since I have not been trained in DBT but have only been exposed to it
through reading and discussion with colleagues, my response to this question
must be taken as the personal impression of an outsider to the technique. To
make the question even more difficult to address, you are asking me to
compare DBT to "regular" therapy, whatever that is! I expect that twenty
patients would describe their experiences in therapy in as many different
ways. So here's my best shot at an answer.
DBT appears to address most directly the fragmentation of experience that is
the central theme of Lost in the Mirror. It places the experience of the
moment in the context of the whole of experience. It therefore sets up forces
in therapy that directly oppose the tendency toward splitting(black and white
thinking). One of the main areas of focus is the tendency of the person with
BPD to overvalue one's own ideas and stubbornly resist change, on the one
hand, and to condemn oneself on the other hand. DBT is directed at achieving
balance between such mutually exclusive options and learning to accept and
value oneself in the present while still being open to making changes that
will make life more fulfilling. DBT is simultaneously validating and
challenging.
"Regular" therapy might be psychoanalytic psychotherapy, interpersonal
therapy, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, expressive therapy, or any of
an infinite possibility of blends of these approaches. Whatever the
technique, however, when therapy is done well, it validates the individual
and his or her feelings in the present and encourages change when current
responses are not effective in bringing a situation to a satisfying
conclusion. The fundamental goals of all therapies are therefore the same.
DBT has described them elegantly and in direct relationship with the black
and white thinking that is fundamental to the world of BPD. Mutual respect
between patient and therapist is the cornerstone.
Beyond the basic principles, however, DBT has structural requirements that
further define it. It includes both individual and group components of
treatment, the latter focussed on developing perceptual and problem solving
skills, interpersonal skills, emotional regulation skills, and the capacity
to tolerate stress and pain when necessary to survive and to achieve longer
term objectives. It also includes a component of real world intervention, a
broad availability of the therapist to coach patients by telephone through
solving problems as they are developing. This is unique in that it goes
beyond the usual availability for "emergencies" that most therapists provide.
DBT is therefore very labor intensive, given its three required components,
and relatively expensive to provide. It is difficult for me to imagine a
single therapist providing all three components unerringly to more than a few
patients and maintaining his or her boundaries and sanity. Rather I imagine
it as a team approach, provided in a clinic setting rather than a private
office. I imagine the coaching function in particular to be shared among a
team of therapists. The clinic setting also allows for peer support among
therapists that is invaluable for anyone undertaking such a demanding task.
© Dr. Richard Moskovitz
Does DBT work better?